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The washing effect of surfactants is the fundamental characteristic that gives surfactants the greatest practical use. It involves the daily lives of thousands of households. And it has also been increasingly applied in various industries and industrial production.

Dry cleaning is a method of washing in organic solvents, which utilizes the solubility of solvents and the solubility of surfactants to remove dirt from the surface of fabrics. Its advantage is that it can prevent irreversible shrinkage of wool and silk fabrics caused by washing, as well as deformation and poor hand feel of clothing.

 

The dirt on fabrics can be roughly divided into three types: oil soluble, water-soluble, and both oil and water insoluble.

Oil soluble dirt can be removed directly with organic solvents. The solvents that can be used for washing are mainly light petroleum hydrocarbons, mainly composed of aliphatic hydrocarbons such as 1,3-diethylcyclohexane, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, and 1,2,4-trimethylphenylaromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, there are also carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, etc.

In order to remove dirt with good water solubility or strong hydrophilicity, a small amount of water and surfactants need to be added to the system. The addition of surfactants can prevent the re deposition of solid dirt in the solvent. The dispersion stability and suspension of dirt in organic media no longer depend on the electrostatic repulsion between particles, but may be determined by the adsorption of surfactants at the solid-liquid interface.

Surfactants in organic media adsorb on solid surfaces as polar groups, with lipophilic hydrocarbon chains oriented towards the adsorption state of organic solvents and adsorbed on the solid-liquid interface. This can form a solvation film of carbon hydrogen chains on the surface of solid dirt, creating an energy barrier for spatial obstruction and preventing the accumulation or re deposition of dirt on the fabric surface. The presence of a small amount of water can cause hydration of particles and textile surfaces, making it easy for them to interact with the polar groups of surfactants, which is beneficial for the adsorption of surfactants on solid surfaces (especially generally polar surfaces). This is beneficial for improving washing efficiency. In addition, when surfactants form reverse micelles in organic solvents, a small amount of water and its water-soluble dirt are often dissolved in the reverse micelles at the same time.

 

Surfactants used for dry cleaning should meet the following conditions:

① It should be able to dissolve in washing solvents and form reverse micelles, and have sufficient ability to add soluble water Can effectively disperse solid dirt and provide good suspension stability in organic solvents;
③ Low residual adsorption on laundry and filters;
④ No odor, no adverse effects on laundry, no corrosiveness to metals, etc.

Surfactants used for dry cleaning should be easily soluble in organic media.

 

Commonly used ones include:

① Anionic surfactants such as petroleum sulfonate, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate (or amine salt), and sodium succinate sulfonate;

② Non ionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenols, polyoxyethylene alkyl amides, etc.