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Emulsifiers can be divided into two categories based on their sources: natural substances and synthetic products. According to the properties of the emulsion system formed in the two phases, it can be divided into two types: water in oil (O/W) type and water in oil (W/O) type.

The most commonly used indicator to measure emulsifying performance is the hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value. A low HLB value indicates that the emulsifier has strong lipophilicity and is prone to form a water in oil (W/O) system; A high HLB value indicates strong hydrophilicity and is prone to form an oil in water (O/W) system. Therefore, the HLB value has a certain additivity, which can be used to prepare lotion with different HLB value series.

 

[Emulsifier type]

Emulsifier molecules have two local components, hydrophilic and lipophilic. According to their hydrophilic local characteristics, they can be divided into three types.

1.Negative ion emulsifiers are emulsifiers that ionize in water to form negative ion hydrophilic groups with alkyl or aryl groups, such as carboxylates, sulfates, and sulfonates. This type of emulsifier is most commonly used and has the highest production volume. Common products include soap (C15-17H31-35CO2Na), sodium stearate (C17H35CO2Na), sodium dodecyl sulfate (C12H25OSO3Na), and calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (structural formula: [insert formula]). Negative ion emulsifiers require use under alkaline or neutral conditions and cannot be used under acidic conditions. When a variety of emulsifiers are used to prepare lotion, anionic emulsifiers can be mixed with each other or with nonionic emulsifiers. Negative ion and positive ion emulsifiers cannot be used together in one emulsion, as mixing them can disrupt the stability of the emulsion.

2. Positive ion emulsifiers ionize in water to form positive ion hydrophilic groups with alkyl or aryl groups. There are few varieties of this type of emulsifier, and they are all derivatives of amines, such as N-dodecyldimethylamine, which can be used for polymerization reactions.

3.Non ionic emulsifiers are a new type of emulsifier characterized by non ionization in water. Its hydrophilic region is composed of various polar groups, commonly including polyoxyethylene ethers and polyoxypropylene ethers. Its lipophilic moiety (alkyl or aryl) directly binds to the ethylene oxide ether bond. A typical product is para octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (structural formula:). The oxygen atoms on the polyether chain of non-ionic emulsifiers can form hydrogen bonds with water, allowing them to dissolve in water. It can be used under both acidic and alkaline conditions, and has a good emulsification effect. It is widely used in the production of chemicals, textiles, pesticides, petroleum, and latex.

 

Types of emulsifiers

 

Category 1: Non ionic surfactants

 

1、 Ether based non-ionic additives

1. Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether

1) Nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether NP series, Nongfu No. 100 110 120 130 140 Nonylphenol/epoxyethane mass ratio 1:1 1:2 1:3 1:4 EO average molar number 4-5 9-10 14-15 19-20

2) Octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether emulsifier OP series, phosphooctyl 10 (sec octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether)

3) Bis, tributylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (C4H9) - O (EO) nH

4) Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxyethylene propylene ether emulsifier No. 11

5) Phenethyl phenol polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene ether emulsifier No. 12

 

2. Benzylphenol polyoxyethylene ether

1) 2. Tribenzyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether emulsifier BP, Wulu BP, cloud point 65-70 ℃

2) Dibenzylphenol polyoxyethylene ether Nongyu 300

3) Benzyl dimethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether Nongyu 400

4) Dibenzyl isopropylphenyl phenol [also known as dibenzyl diphenol] polyoxyethylene ether emulsifier BC cloud point 69-71 ℃

5) Dibenzylbiphenylphenol, polyoxypropylene, polyoxyethylene ether, Ningru 31, cloud point 76-84 ℃, low dosage, wide applicability

 

3. Phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether

1) Phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether agricultural milk No. 600 and No. 500 compound has the best emulsification of organic phosphorus with an ethylene oxide number of 20-27 and a cloud point of 83-92. There are two types:

Triphenylethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, commonly available in three specifications

Triphenylethylphenol/epoxyethane (mass ratio) Cloud point (1% aqueous solution) EO addition number

1:2.2-2.3  70-75  20-21 1:2.6-2.7  80-85  24-25  
1:3.2-3.3  95-100  30-31
Bisphenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether

2) Phenethyl isopropylphenyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether agricultural milk 600-2 intermediate/EO mass ratio cloud point (1% aqueous solution) EO addition number
1:2.1-2.3 70-75 17-18  1:2.6-2.8 85-90 20-24 

3) Diphenylethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether emulsifier BS has good emulsifying properties with 500 compound organic phosphorus pesticides. The intermediate/EO mass ratio is 1:1.7 1:2 1:2.3 1:2.6 1:3 1:3.5 1:4 cloud point (1% aqueous solution) 51 70 75 82 89 96 86 (5% CaCl2 solution)

4) Diphenylethyldiphenol polyoxyethylene ether

5)Phenethyl naphthol polyoxyethylene ether

 

4. Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and similar products

1) Lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, currently produced mainly from coconut oil alcohol [mainly composed of C12 alcohol], with penetration agent JFC cloud point of 40-50 ℃ and penetration agent EA

2) Isooctyl polyoxyethylene ether Igepal CA

3) Octadecanol based polyoxyethylene ether Pingjia series agricultural milk No. 200

4) Etriol polyoxyethylene ether Hirst GenapolX series Japanese catalytic chemistry Softanol series

6)Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether

 

5. Phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxyethylene propylene ether and similar products

1) Phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether EPE type agricultural milk 1601 Ningru 33 is used for compounding 1656L/1656H, PEP type agricultural milk 1602 Ningru 34 is used for compounding Ningru 0211/0212

2) Phenethyl phenylpropanol polyoxyethylene ether agricultural milk 1601-II cloud point 79-80 ℃, 1602- Ⅱ ℃

3)Phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether

 

6. Fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether

1) Fatty amine [also known as alkyl amine] polyoxyethylene ether

2) Fatty amide polyoxyethylene ether

3) Alkylamine oxide

4)Quaternary amine alkoxides and similar products
The second category:

Non ionic ester additives

1. Fatty acid ethylene oxide adduct
1) Oleic acid polyoxyethylene ester
2) Stearic acid polyoxyethylene ester
3) Rosin acid polyoxyethylene ester

2. Castor oil epoxyethane adduct and its derivatives, domestic emulsifiers by foreign name BL, Ningru 110 120 130 140 emulsifiers EL, PC

3. Polyol fatty acid esters and their epoxyethane adducts dehydrated sorbitol fatty acid esters: Span series 20 40 60 80 85 Strong lipophilicity
Dehydrated sorbitol fatty acid ester epoxyethane adduct: Tween series has a higher water solubility than Span

4. Non ionic additives based on glycerol as the fundamental raw material

1) Dimeric glycerol and fatty acid esters

2) Diglyceride polypropylene glycol ether

3)Glycerol polyoxyethylene ether polyoxyethylene propylene ether fatty acid ester
The third major category:

Non ionic additives with hydroxyl terminated blocks
1. A non-ionic additive with a symmetrical structure and end hydroxyl group closure
2. Non ionic additives with asymmetric structure and end hydroxyl group closure

 

Anionic surfactant

 

1、 Sulfonic acid salt

 

1. Alkylbenzene sulfonate

1) Sodium Dialkylbenzenesulfonate

2) Sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate

3) Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (calcium) DBS Na

 

2. Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate

1) Sodium butyl naphthalene sulfonate Nekal A wetting agent HB

2) Sodium dibutyl naphthalene sulfonate Nekal BX (powder)

3) Sodium diisopropylnaphthalene sulfonate Morwet RP

4) Monomethyl naphthalene sulfonate sodium Morwet M

 

3. Alkyl sulfonate

1) Sodium petroleum sulfonate R is a mixed alkyl group with an average molecular weight of 400-500

2) Sodium Alkenyl Sulfonate RCH=CHCH2SO3Na

3) Sodium hydroxyalkylsulfonate R-CH-CH2-CH2SO3NaOH

 

4. Alkyl succinate sulfonate

1) Sodium alkyl succinate sulfonate penetrant T, wetting agent CB-102 (diisooctylsuccinate sulfonate), Aerosol IB (sodium dibutyl succinate sulfonate), Aerosol MA (sodium dihexyl succinate sulfonate), Aerosol Ay (sodium dipentyl succinate sulfonate)

2) Alkyl polyoxyethylene ether succinate sulfonate

3）Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether succinate sulfonate SSOPA (Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate sodium succinate sulfonate) Agricultural Assistance 2000 (monoalkylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether succinate sulfonate product is a 30% solution)

 

5. Alkyl biphenyl ether sulfonate

 

6. Naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate

1) Dispersant F for benzyl naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate

2) Sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate NNO

3) Sodium dibutylenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate dispersant NO

4)Methyl naphthalene sulfonate sodium formaldehyde condensate MF

 

7. N-methyl fatty amide based bovine sulfonate detergent 209 pancreatic float T

8. N-alkylacyl sarcosinate Lissapol LS detergent

9.Isopropyl sulfate derivatives

 

2、 Sulfate

1. Sulfated castor oil Türkiye red oil

2. Fatty alcohol sulfate ROSO3Na

1) Modified Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

2) Sodium cetamol sulfate C16H33SO3Na

3) Sodium secondary alcohol sulfate H2n+1CH (CH3) OSO3Na

4) Mixed fatty alcohol (C12-14) sodium sulfate

3. Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate Maprofix ES (sodium lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate)
4. Alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate R-O (EO) nSO3Na commonly used alkyl groups are nonyl and octyl

5. Aromatic alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate

3、 Phosphate and hypophosphite

1. Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate O O R-O (EO) n-p - (OH) 2 [R-O (EO) n] 2-P - (OH) 2 monoester diester
There are currently two series: R=C8H17 OPEPO4 and R=C9H19 NPEPO4
Product Name: Phenolic Ether Phosphate Surfactant MAPP (Monoester), NPEPO4Na (or K)

2.Phenethylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester (free acid type) code SPEnPO4 O [- CHCH3] K-O (EO) n-p - (OH) 2 [[- CHCH3] K-O (EO) n] 2-P - (OH) 2 monoester diester

3. Fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester phosphate
4. Alkyl phosphate, aryl phosphate O
5. Alkylamine polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester R=C12-14 n=10-16 monoester, also known as surfactant MAPRO (EO) n-p - (OH) 2
6. Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester
4、 Carboxylate (fatty carboxylate) such as rosin acid soap polymer additives

1、 Non-ionic type
1. Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate Nongfu 700

2. 1) Phenylalkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate Ningru No. 36, Nongli No. 700-1 Nongli SPF 2) Isopropylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate Nongli No. 700-2, Ningru No.37 3) Benzylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate Japan Sorpol PPB150, 200

1) Phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate Ningru 36 and Nongfu 700-1 Nongfu SPF

2) Isopropyl phenyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate Nongjiu 700-2 and Ningru 37

3) Benzylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate Japan Sorpol PPB150,200

3. Biphenylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate

4. Polyvinyl alcohol with complete hydrolysis is 98-99%, and the degree of hydrolysis with partial hydrolysis is 88-89%

5. Polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene block copolymers, with polyether molecular weights of 2000-3000, have good cleaning power, and higher molecular weights have better dispersibility, such as epoxyethane epoxybutane copolymer and epoxyethane epoxypropane epoxybutane copolymer

2、 Anionic type
1. Polycarboxylate polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide

2. Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate sulfate SOPA-II (270) SOPA-V (570)

3. Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate and its similar varieties MF MSF
4. Phenol formaldehyde condensate sulfonate and its similar varieties
5. Methylcellulose and its derivatives
6. Xanthan gum XG
7. Lignosulfonate Sodium Lignosulfonate M-9, 16 Deglycosylated Sodium Lignosulfonate M-10 Lignosulfonate Sodium M-14 Condensed Modified Sodium Lignosulfonate M-13, 15 Deglycosylated Sodium Lignosulfonate M-17

Cationic surfactant

1、 Ammonium salt type

1. Alkyl ammonium salt type

2. Amino alcohol fatty acid derivative type

3. Polyamine fatty acid derivative type
4. Imidazoline type

2、 Quaternary ammonium salt type

1. Alkyl trimethylammonium salt type dodecyl trimethylammonium chloride 1231 Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride 1631 Octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride 1831
2. Dialkyldimethylammonium salt type
3. Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium salt type dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride 1227 acrylic dyeing agent TAN
4. Pyridine salt type
5. Alkyl isoquinoline salt form
6. Benzyl chloride amine type

Amphoteric surfactant

1、 Amino acid type

1. Alanine type

2. Glycine type II, betaine type III, imidazoline type IV, and amine oxide are similar to amphoteric surfactants, compatible with both anionic surfactants and cationic and nonionic surfactants. They exhibit non-ionic properties in medium and alkaline solutions and weak cationic properties in acidic solutions.

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