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Emulsification and solubilization of surfactants
Surfactants are a large class of organic compounds with unique properties, extremely flexible and widely applicable applications, and great practical value. Surfactants have been used as emulsifiers, detergents, wetting agents, penetrating agents, foaming agents, solvents, dispersants, suspending agents, cement water reducers, fabric softeners, leveling agents, fixing agents, disinfectants, catalysts, waterproofing agents, anti fouling agents, lubricants, acid fog agents, dust proofing agents, preservatives, spreading agents, thickeners, membrane penetrating agents, flotation agents, leveling agents, oil displacement agents, anti caking agents, deodorizers, anti-static agents, surface modifiers and dozens of other functional reagents in daily life and many industrial and agricultural production fields. In addition to being widely used in the detergent and cosmetics industries, surfactants are also used as adjuvants or additives in traditional industries such as food, dairy, papermaking, leather, glass, petroleum, chemical fibers, textiles, printing and dyeing, painting, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, film, photography, electroplating, metal processing, mineral processing, new materials, industrial cleaning, construction, as well as high-tech fields. Although they are often not the mainstay of the industrial product, they can play a crucial role in adding the finishing touch to the production of various products. Although its usage is not large, it can play a key role in increasing product variety, reducing consumption, saving energy, and improving quality.
The steady growth trend of surfactants globally provides a favorable external environment for the development and growth of the cosmetics industry, and the requirements for product structure, variety, performance, and technology are also increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically develop surfactants that are safe, mild, easily biodegradable, and have special effects, providing a theoretical basis for the development and application of new products. We should focus on developing glycoside surfactants, including various polyols and alcohol surfactants; Systematic research and development of soybean phospholipid surfactants; Develop a series of sucrose fatty acid vinegar products, strengthen research on compounding technology, and expand the application scope of existing products.
The phenomenon of uniformly emulsifying non water soluble substances in water to form an emulsion is called emulsification. Emulsifiers are mainly used in the production of creams and lotion in cosmetics. The common powder based snow cream and Zhongxing snow cream are both O/W emulsions, which can be emulsified with anionic emulsifier fatty acid soap (soap). It is easier to produce emulsions with less oil content by emulsifying with soap, and the gelling effect of soap can make it have a higher viscosity. For cold creams containing a large amount of oil phase, emulsions are mostly W/O type, and natural lanolin emulsions with high water absorption and viscosity can be selected for emulsification. The most widely used currently is non-ionic emulsifiers, due to their safety and low irritation.
The phenomenon of increasing the solubility of slightly soluble or insoluble substances is called solubilization. When surfactants are added to water, the surface tension of the water begins to sharply decrease, leading to the formation of micelles where surfactant molecules aggregate. The concentration of surfactants used to form micelles is called the critical micelle concentration. When the concentration of surfactants reaches the critical micelle concentration, micelles can adsorb oil or solid particles at one end of the lipophilic group, thereby increasing the solubility of micro soluble or insoluble substances.
Adding solvents in cosmetics is mainly used in the production of toners, hair oils, and hair growth and nourishment agents. Oily components in cosmetics, such as fragrances, oils, and oil soluble vitamins, have different solubilization forms due to their structural and polar differences. Therefore, suitable surfactants must be selected as solubilizers. If the solubilizing objects of toner are fragrances, oils, and pharmaceuticals, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether can be used for solubilization.
Although alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (OP and TX) have strong solubilization ability, they are irritating to the eyes and are generally not used. In addition, castor oil-based amphoteric derivatives have excellent solubility in spice oils and vegetable oils, and these surfactants are non irritating to the eyes, making them suitable for preparing non irritating cosmetics such as shampoo.
Post time: Nov-18-2024